A protein newly found in the naked mole rat may help explain its unique ability to ward off cancer.<\/p>\n
The protein is associated with a cluster of genes (called a locus) that is also found in humans and mice. It\u2019s the job of that locus to encode\u2014or carry the genetic instructions for synthesizing \u2014several cancer-fighting proteins. As Professor of Biology Vera\u00a0Gorbunova explains, the locus found in naked mole rats encodes a total of four cancer-fighting proteins, while the human and mouse version encodes only three proteins.<\/p>\n
The findings by Gorbunova, Assistant Professor of Biology Andrei Seluanov, and their research team have been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.<\/em><\/p>\n It had already been known that the genes in question\u2014referred to as INK4 gene locus<\/em>\u2014synthesize the same three cancer-suppressing proteins in both species: p15INK4b<\/sup>, p16INK4a<\/sup>, and ARF, all of which stop cells from dividing when the cells are stressed or mutated. A student-researcher, Jorge Azpurua, wanted to clone the p16 protein of the naked mole rat for a separate experiment and noticed something unexpected: The presence of a fourth protein, which was the result of p15INK4b<\/sup> and p16INK4a<\/sup> being fused together. This fourth protein was as good or even better than p15INK4b<\/sup> and p16INK4a <\/sup>at stopping cells from dividing.<\/p>\n \u201cWe named this novel product pALTINK4a\/b<\/sup>,\u201d said Gorbunova, \u201cand we believe it may contribute to the longevity of the naked mole rat, including its ability to prevent tumors from developing.\u201d<\/p>\n Naked mole rats are small, hairless, subterranean rodents that have never been known to get cancer despite having a 30-year lifespan.<\/p>\n Previous research by Seluanov and Gorbunova identified HMW-HA as the chemical that activates the anti-cancer response of the INK4<\/em> locus.<\/p>\n \u201cINK4<\/em> is the most commonly mutated gene locus in the human cancer,\u201d said Seluanov. \u201cWhen that gene is deleted or silenced, it often results in the formation of tumors.\u201d And, as he pointed out, there is growing evidence to support its role in atherosclerosis and other aging-related diseases.<\/p>\n \u201cConsidering how mutations in the INK4<\/em> gene are linked to human cancers,\u201d said Gorbunova, \u201cthe better we understand that gene and control its mutations, the better our chances of controlling some cancers.\u201d<\/p>\n In order to determine the significance of pALTINK4a\/b<\/sup>, the researchers examined the expression of the proteins under different cell growth conditions. They found that the presence of the hybrid protein does increase when cells become crowded, as long as HMW-HA is present. On the other hand, when HMW-HA was removed, pALTINK4a\/b<\/sup> was not expressed, but it was also induced by a variety of stresses such as oncogenes, which have the potential to cause cancer. The researchers concluded that the protein does respond to high-cell density and to HMW-HA, which initiates the anti-cancer response of the INK4<\/em> gene. The presence of the fourth INK4 protein, pALTINK4a\/b<\/sup>, makes naked mole rats more likely to arrest growth when there is a risk of malignancy, compared to other mammals that have only three proteins encoded by INK4 locus.<\/p>\n In an effort to determine whether pALTINK4a\/b <\/sup>is also found in mice and humans, the researchers tried to screen mouse and human cells and tissues for the protein hybrid, but were unsuccessful. \u201cWhile our work doesn\u2019t eliminate the possibility that the protein exists under some conditions in mice and humans, the results suggest that it\u2019s highly unlikely,\u201d said Gorbunova.<\/p>\n The research team also included Adeline Augereau and Vadim Gladyshev of Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital at Harvard University, Zhengdong Zhang and Jan Vijg of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Jorge Azpurua and Zonghe Ke of the URochester.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Naked mole rats are small, hairless, subterranean rodents that have never been known to get cancer despite having a 30-year lifespan. A new protein discovered by biologist Vera Gorbunova may help explain why. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":88742,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[132,18722,18572,16072,23672,10906],"class_list":["post-88702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sci-tech","tag-cancer","tag-department-of-biology","tag-research-finding","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences","tag-tumor","tag-vera-gorbunova"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n