  {"id":7216,"date":"2012-11-01T19:57:20","date_gmt":"2012-11-01T23:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=7216"},"modified":"2015-07-27T14:16:38","modified_gmt":"2015-07-27T18:16:38","slug":"the-opportunity-to-do-the-things-we-love","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/the-opportunity-to-do-the-things-we-love\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;To Do the Things We Love&#8217; &#8211; 40 Years of Title IX"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jane Possee found herself in unfamiliar territory in 1975. A graduate of the all-female Skidmore College in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., Possee had arrived to coach women\u2019s athletics at Rochester, a campus where the male-to-female ratio was 2-to-1.<\/p>\n<p>Male athletes had easy access for five to six practices a week in the alumni gym, which boasted the Palestra, an indoor track, and a field house, while the women generally practiced just three times a week with part-time coaches in Spurrier Gym\u2014with wooden backboards, no bleachers for spectators, and no scoreboard.<\/p>\n<p>Now the associate director of athletics and recreation at Rochester, Possee had long recognized the role that athletics could play in the lives of students. An athlete since high school, she had played basketball, field hockey, lacrosse, and badminton at Skidmore. Hired to coach the Yellowjackets women\u2019s basketball and women\u2019s field hockey teams, she started the women\u2019s lacrosse team as well.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-7216 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'>\n<figure class='gallery-item'>\n<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href="https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_rupp002.jpg"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"117\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_rupp002-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7276\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7276'>\n\t\t\t\tPatty Rupp Hodge \u201987, \u201991M (MD)<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class='gallery-item'>\n<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href="https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_patrick002.jpg"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"117\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_patrick002-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Jody Lavin Patrick \u201982\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7286\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7286'>\n\t\t\t\tJody Lavin Patrick \u201982<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class='gallery-item'>\n<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href="https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_mckenna001.jpg"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"117\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_mckenna001-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Martha Winter McKenna \u201990, \u201995W (Mas)\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7296\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7296'>\n\t\t\t\tMartha Winter McKenna \u201990, \u201995W (Mas)<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class='gallery-item'>\n<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href="https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_blackett001.jpg"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"117\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_blackett001-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Jacqueline Blackett \u201981\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7306\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7306'>\n\t\t\t\tJacqueline Blackett \u201981<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class='gallery-item'>\n<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href="https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_arendt_060167.jpg"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"117\" height=\"117\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/fea_titleIX_arendt_060167-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Elizabeth Arendt \u201975, \u201979M (MD), \u201984M (Res)\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7316\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7316'>\n\t\t\t\tElizabeth Arendt \u201975, \u201979M (MD), \u201984M (Res)<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As she did so, she began to ask for changes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMaybe I was a little upstart, but I had no issues raising those questions as standards of what women should have because that\u2019s all I knew,\u201d says Possee, who also taught optional physical education classes. \u201cI don\u2019t think anyone was necessarily keeping anything from us on purpose. I just don\u2019t think they completely envisioned what it entailed to provide for a women\u2019s program.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Over the past four decades, much has changed at Rochester and other campuses when it comes to athletic opportunities, thanks to leaders like Possee. Some changes were small\u2014a few of Possee\u2019s early requests included a scoreboard and glass basketball backboards for Spurrier Gym and pregame training tables for the women, support that the men had long had.<\/p>\n<p>But powered by their sense of fair play and backed by Title IX, a 1972 federal law, Possee and other pioneering sports administrators have seen remarkable changes when it comes to the equitable distribution of athletic resources at universities since the early 1970s. Celebrating its 40th anniversary this year, Title IX, an amendment to federal education law that doesn\u2019t even mention the words \u201cathletics\u201d or \u201csports,\u201d has become best known for opening doors to athletic opportunities for female students.<\/p>\n<p>Signed in June 1972 by President Richard Nixon, the first section of the landmark legislation reads: \u201cNo person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Intended to ban sexual discrimination in most federally funded educational programs, the law has transformed women\u2019s athletics, a transformation that can be seen at Rochester. In 2012, the undergraduate enrollment is evenly divided among men and women, Rochester has 12 varsity women\u2019s teams\u2014one more than the number of varsity men\u2019s teams\u2014and the Yellowjackets regularly compete for national titles in NCAA Division III athletics.<\/p>\n<p>George VanderZwaag, the University\u2019s director of athletics and recreation, says Title IX has been a guidepost for much more than decisions about how to field teams or develop athletics programs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cObviously we have to meet the letter of the law, but the larger goals of gender equity are much more important than that, and at the end of the day we\u2019re trying to do the right thing by our students,\u201d he says. \u201cWhat sets us apart from many other institutions in this country is that we\u2019re running an educationally purposeful athletics program, not a commercial entertainment enterprise.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The changes that resulted from Title IX \u201cclearly allowed our women to grow personally, compete at a very high level, and push themselves to be strong leaders and teammates,\u201d says Possee, who was part of the New York State chapter of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, which at the national level was the equivalent of the NCAA for men. She served in that role until the NCAA took over the AIAW in 1982, when she continued to participate on several championship committees within the NCAA.<\/p>\n<p>By that time, the alumni gym was being used by both genders for practice, and men\u2019s and women\u2019s teams started traveling together to out-of-town games.<\/p>\n<p>The 1980s also brought a tremendous shift in attitude toward women\u2019s athletics, says Terry Gurnett \u201977, associate director for advancement for athletics and recreation, who coached women\u2019s soccer from 1977 to 2010.<\/p>\n<p>The players on his early teams had no exposure to female role models in their sport. When the women won the inaugural women\u2019s Division III title in 1986 and came home as champions again in 1987, they earned a level of interest and respect they\u2019d never known before.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt was a great awakening,\u201d says Gurnett, a former Yellowjacket soccer player himself who finished as the winningest women\u2019s soccer coach in Division III history, and as the third winningest coach in all divisions. As more women pursued athletic opportunities, female and male athletes were quick to realize that \u201cit was OK for women to get out there and sweat and compete.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gurnett says that for Rochester, offering ample opportunities for women athletes has been a matter of economics as well. Increasingly, female students won\u2019t consider colleges or universities that have an inadequate number of sports teams to choose from.<\/p>\n<p>While Title IX has brought about historic changes, it has not been without controversy. The legislation has been criticized nationally in some quarters for contributing to a reduction in programs for male athletes as some universities and colleges work to achieve equity. Colleen Doyle \u201909W (EdD), a former Rochester women\u2019s lacrosse and field hockey coach who specializes in the study of Title IX as a faculty member at SUNY Brockport, says the law has also had its share of \u201cscary times\u201d when advocates have had to fend off efforts to weaken its provisions or its enforcement.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI want to make it quite clear that women have had to fight for every right that we have,\u201d Doyle says.<\/p>\n<p>But as VanderZwaag sees it, Title IX has been \u201ca huge success story\u201d and a critical tool in bridging the gender gap in athletics. Even so, he acknowledges the challenge in going beyond the prescription of the law to capture its spirit.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFrankly, it\u2019s a tough standard to meet because it\u2019s a moving target,\u201d he says. \u201cWe\u2019re always going to have to adapt. But if we want to do this well, we can\u2019t get too comfortable.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Robin L. Flanigan is a Rochester-based freelance writer.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rochester celebrates the 40th anniversary of Title IX and the pioneering alumnae whohave seen remarkable changes when it comes to the equitable distribution of athletic resources at universities since the early 1970s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1372,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[26212,18612,9776],"class_list":["post-7216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-anniversary","tag-announcements","tag-athletics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&#039;To Do the Things We Love&#039; - 40 Years of Title IX<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/the-opportunity-to-do-the-things-we-love\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&#039;To Do the Things We Love&#039; 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