{"id":290262,"date":"2018-01-04T14:58:44","date_gmt":"2018-01-04T19:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/?p=290262"},"modified":"2018-03-27T17:15:50","modified_gmt":"2018-03-27T21:15:50","slug":"fighting-space-interdisciplinary-look-urban-history-cities-290262","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/fighting-space-interdisciplinary-look-urban-history-cities-290262\/","title":{"rendered":"Looking at urban history as a fight for space, power"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/news\/intersections\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-300032\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/intersections.jpg\" alt=\"logo graphic reads: INTERSECTIONS. A Newscenter series showcasing the Ä¢¹½´«Ã½'s cross-disciplinary approaches to teaching, learning, and research\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a>Chicago, Istanbul, Rome, and Delhi. The students in the 100-level course <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/his\/people\/faculty\/smoller_laura\/assets\/pdf\/The%20City%20Syllabus%20fall%202017.pdf\">The City: Contested Spaces<\/a> take a virtual tour of them all, while pondering an overarching question\u2014can people\u2019s lives be reshaped by redesigning urban spaces?<\/p>\n<p>A model of interdisciplinary learning and collaborative teaching, the course at the URochester has been taught twice now by historian <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/his\/people\/faculty\/smoller_laura\/index.html\">Laura Smoller<\/a>, anthropologist <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/ant\/people\/faculty\/searle_llerena\/index.html\">Llerena Searle<\/a>, and art historian <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/aah\/people\/faculty\/christensen_peter\/index.html\">Peter Christensen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Its origins are serendipitous. \u201cWe all arrived at Rochester at the same time\u2014in the summer of 2014,\u201d recalls Smoller, a professor of history and specialist in medieval and Renaissance Europe who taught previously at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. At the new faculty orientation, the trio quickly realized they were the only humanists in the room. They started talking and found they had things in common, including an appreciation of the classic work in American urban history, <em>The Crabgrass Frontier,<\/em> by Kenneth Jackson.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s one of our favorite books,\u201d Smoller and Searle, an assistant professor of anthropology, agree. Ditto, says Christensen, an assistant professor of art history. \u201cWe all had it on our bookshelves.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>They took that as a sign.<\/p>\n<p>Regular lunch dates at the faculty club followed. During one of those lunches, Smoller talked about an interdisciplinary course she\u2019d planned to teach at Arkansas. Christensen\u2014whose research on architectural and environmental history spans Germany, Central Europe, the Middle East as well as nearby Buffalo\u2014and Searle, whose work on the intersection of capitalism and urbanization in the developing world took her to India\u2014listened intently. A plan for a collaborative course began to take shape. Soon all three were throwing out names of cities and possible themes. \u201cA humongous laundry list,\u201d Smoller laughs.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, they realized it didn\u2019t really matter which cities they chose, as long as there were plenty of \u201cpalimpsestic\u201d examples to show\u2014appropriated and reassigned spaces, gleaned and borrowed, partially erased and rebuilt, over and over. This multifaceted layering\u2014the product of the interactions of city dwellers, architects, political leaders, and others over time\u2014is a central feature of cities, the professors argue. And how that layering develops and shapes peoples\u2019 lives is the principal subject of the course.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_290422\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-290422\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-290422 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/fea-city-history-contested-spaces.jpg\" alt=\"group of students sitting around a table in Rush Rhees Library\" width=\"1000\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/fea-city-history-contested-spaces.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/fea-city-history-contested-spaces-193x117.jpg 193w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/fea-city-history-contested-spaces-630x378.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/fea-city-history-contested-spaces-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-290422\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left, Yaal Dryer &#8217;20, Marcus Sim &#8217;21, Samantha Turley &#8217;18 (T5), Isabel Lieberman &#8217;21, Tyler Stiggers &#8217;21, and Warm Ayanaputra &#8217;21, look at materials from the University&#8217;s archives related to their course on &#8220;The City: Contested Spaces.&#8221; (University photo \/ J. Adam Fenster)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>The architecture of power<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a lot of activity crammed into small space,\u201d Searle tells the students in a lecture on Delhi. From rickshaw-jammed streets and the tangled maze of electricity wires, dangling seemingly willy-nilly between buildings and across narrow streets, to residences and street vendors crammed into the tiniest crevices\u2014large swaths of Delhi barely leave space to navigate.<\/p>\n<p>Next, she juxtaposes on the smartboard historical images of Delhi\u2019s former Viceroy of India\u2019s palace. \u201cA space of imperial power,\u201d she says, pointing to the generous layout of the surrounding greens and the wide, straight boulevard leading up the hill towards the imposing building. The construction of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture\/story\/20140211-a-jewel-in-the-crown\">Viceroy\u2019s House<\/a>, as the British called it, required the seizure and acquisition of 4,000 acres of land, forcing the relocation of 300 families.<\/p>\n<p>Today, in an ironic twist of history, the building, renamed Rashtrapati Bhavan, is the official home of India\u2019s president. \u201cThe space has been reappropriated and repurposed by the Indian people. Now, the open greens are used, especially on hot days, as a park for family picnics, to cool off and hang out,\u201d says Searle, who lived in Delhi for 17 months.<\/p>\n<p>Power\u2014how space is used to produce or maintain a ruling grip\u2014is a central theme of the course.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s not about retaining encyclopedic knowledge,\u201d says Christensen. \u201cWe want our students to develop critical thinking skills. Each lecture is a vignette of a particular moment in time, not a comprehensive study of one city.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The professors sit in on each other\u2019s lectures to guarantee seamless transitions with overarching themes, across their respective academic fields.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re not splitting the responsibilities into thirds. It\u2019s not a way of cutting corners,\u201d Christensen adds with a smile.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not just a tour de force for the students. \u201cIt\u2019s so rare that we get to see another professor lecture,\u201d says Searle. \u201cTo see two other faculty members practice their craft, to get to do discussion sessions together has been really great for picking up ideas.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Smoller agrees. \u201cFrom a selfish point of view, it\u2019s a way to learn pedagogical techniques from my colleagues.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"cross-fade-contested-spaces\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bottom\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/first-universalist-present.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/first-universalist-past.jpg\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 20px; font-size: 9pt;\">Rochester&#8217;s First Universalist Church, in 1909 and today. Claude Bragdon incorporated a mix of architectural styles and epochs. (Ä¢¹½´«Ã½ photos \/ Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation; Jordan Mangefrida &#8217;20)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The palimpsest of Rochester<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Part of the course work is hands-on and local: students apply lessons learned from the four big-city approaches to concrete examples closer to home\u2014three distinct sites in the City of Rochester: Kodak Park, College Town, and the First Universalist Church on Clinton Avenue. In the latter example, the learning comes full circle: the church, dedicated in 1908, is a mix of architectural styles and epochs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are several historical styles you can see here,\u201d explains <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sas.rochester.edu\/vcs\/people\/grad\/cheng_mimi\/index.html\">Mimi Cheng<\/a>, a graduate student in visual and cultural studies who served as teaching assistant and discussion group co-leader last semester. \u201cClearly, influences of Gothic churches as well as some stylistic allusions to Byzantine and Roman architecture.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The church\u2019s architect, the late Claude Fayette Bragdon, incorporated a mix of Lombard Romanesque and American Arts and Crafts style elements.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBragdon was a very spiritual person, almost mystic, an American esoteric in a way,\u201d says Christensen, also a trained architect. \u201cHe inflected the mainstream Arts and Crafts movement with a more austere mysticism. That\u2019s what we see in his architecture.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_290432\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-290432\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-290432\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/city-history-contested-spaces.jpg\" alt=\"student with laptop looks at architectural drawings\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-290432\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yaal Dryer \u201920 pours over the original building plans for the First Universalist Church. \u201cThey took old windows from the original church\u2014this rose window, a couple of other windows\u2014and transplanted them into the new building when the congregation moved and the old church was demolished.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-290502\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/first-universalist-church.jpg\" alt=\"architectural blueprints of First Universalist Church\" width=\"450\" height=\"305\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The original building plans for the First Universalist Church are now housed at the University\u2019s Department of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.library.rochester.edu\/rbscp\">Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation<\/a>. Hunched over them some 110 years later is Yaal Dryer \u201920, an ecology and evolutionary biology major (with a minor in studio arts) from Chicago. Within minutes, he has noticed a detail:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey took old windows from the original church\u2014this rose window, a couple of other windows\u2014and transplanted them into the new building when the congregation moved and the old church was demolished,\u201d he points out.<\/p>\n<p>Making the rounds between the tables covered in historical maps, flyers, old photographs, architectural plans, and Kodak company documents\u2014assembled by librarians Andrea Reithmayr and Melissa Mead\u2014Smoller encourages her students to engage with the original materials.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLook at the sources, apply the different types of analyses we have covered, then come up with questions, and make an inventory,\u201d Smoller tells them. \u201cDive in cold. Resist the temptation to look things up online.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The analytical techniques she is referring to are the four modes that are part of teaching the materials: textual, spatial, visual, and social. \u201cWe learned that students did not know what these academic research approaches entailed,\u201d Christensen says. \u201cTeaching this class really became an exercise in taking a step back.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Smoller tells the students that research is somewhat like making cheese. \u201cJot down everything, the curds will separate, but somehow in the end it all comes together in a big lump of cheese. Don\u2019t narrow it down too early,\u201d she cautions.<\/p>\n<p>The metaphor might as well apply to this interdisciplinary class. A lot of curds and whey go into the end product. The trio readily admits that the first year was a steep learning curve. But now they dovetail neatly from lesson to lesson, like a carefully choreographed ballet\u2014make that synchronized cheesemakers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chicago and Delhi. Rome and Rochester. The students in the 100-level course \u201cThe City: Contested Spaces\u201d take a virtual tour of them all, while pondering an overarching question\u2014can people\u2019s lives be reshaped by redesigning urban spaces? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":942,"featured_media":290602,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[456],"tags":[21512,20522,21422,22722,34272,29572,27772,326,16072],"class_list":["post-290262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-society-culture","tag-department-of-anthropology","tag-department-of-art-and-art-history","tag-department-of-history","tag-rare-books-special-collections-and-preservation","tag-interdisciplinary","tag-laura-ackerman-smoller","tag-peter-christensen","tag-river-campus-libraries","tag-school-of-arts-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking at urban history as a fight for space, power<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The students in the 100-level course \u201cThe City: Contested Spaces\u201d ponder an overarching question\u2014can people\u2019s lives be reshaped by redesigning urban spaces?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/fighting-space-interdisciplinary-look-urban-history-cities-290262\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking at urban history as a fight for space, power\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The students in the 100-level course \u201cThe City: Contested Spaces\u201d ponder an overarching question\u2014can people\u2019s lives be reshaped by redesigning urban spaces?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/fighting-space-interdisciplinary-look-urban-history-cities-290262\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"News Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-01-04T19:58:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-27T21:15:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/fea-new-delhi-urban-spaces.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sandra Knispel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sandra Knispel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/fighting-space-interdisciplinary-look-urban-history-cities-290262\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/fighting-space-interdisciplinary-look-urban-history-cities-290262\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sandra Knispel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/48a5dd20d1ade85ff52a0babb9a550a5\"},\"headline\":\"Looking at urban history as a fight for space, power\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-04T19:58:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-27T21:15:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/fighting-space-interdisciplinary-look-urban-history-cities-290262\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1352,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/fighting-space-interdisciplinary-look-urban-history-cities-290262\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rochester.edu\\\/newscenter\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/fea-new-delhi-urban-spaces.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Department of Anthropology\",\"Department of Art and Art History\",\"Department of History\",\"Department of Rare Books Special Collections and Preservation\",\"interdisciplinary\",\"Laura Ackerman Smoller\",\"Peter Christensen\",\"River Campus Libraries\",\"School of Arts and Sciences\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Society &amp; 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